TFMPP

• 3-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine

TFMPP acts as a partial agonist/antagonist at some (5HT2A) serotonin receptors and a full agonist at other serotonin receptors and increases release of serotonin. TFMPP mimics the psychoactive effects of MDMA but is roughly 3 times less potent as MDMA at similar concentrations (Baumann et al 2005). TFMPP is often mixed with BZP to reduce motor effects and produce a synergistic effect similar to that of MDMA. Onset of symptoms may be delayed until 2 hours after ingestion, sometimes leading to increased numbers of tablets being taken recreationally

Death has been reported after co-ingestion of a piperazine and MDMA due to massive brain oedema and subsequent tonsillar herniation.

Acute symptoms include palpitations, agitation, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, confusion, disorientation, dizziness, collapse, insomnia, urinary retention, euphoria, hyperpyrexia, sinus tachycardia, hypertension and hallucinations. Other effects may include facial dystonia and trismus, clonus, bruxism (teeth grinding), hyponatraemia and panic attacks. Severe effects may include migraine, seizures, metabolic and respiratory acidosis, respiratory depression as well as QT prolongation. Cases of multiorgan failure have been reported; features included hypoglycaemia, hypotension, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal injury, elevated transaminases and INR, disseminated intravascular coagulation, diminished motor responses and brain injury with mild sequelae. Benzylpiperazine (BNZ) and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) are also known to be skin irritants with inhalation leading to sore nasal passages and throats.